Abstract

Three case studies are presented which illustrate rock mass characterization using a combination of tomographic images of spatial variation in seismic p-wave velocity with induced seismicity. In the controlled case of a tunnel excavation, known stress changes and fracturing were successfully mapped using velocity images and the location of induced seismicity. Within a stabilizing pillar in a deep South African gold mine, an active-source velocity image resolved the location of stress concentrations ahead of the mining face, and fracturing around the stope. Velocity images of pre-existing, seismically active faults were also computed by simultaneously inverting the induced seismicity data for velocity structure and hypocentral location. The resulting velocity image was interpreted in terms of the expected deformation and seismic potential along the faults. The potential role of velocity imaging and induced seismicity in validating geomechanical models is discussed, along with a possible strategy for incorporating the technique into an integrated geomechanical investigation of induced seismicity.

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