Seismic Energy Partitioning and Scattering in Laterally Heterogeneous Ocean Crust

Abstract

We present finite difference forward models of elastic wave propagation through laterally heterogeneous upper oceanic crust. The finite difference formulation is a 2-D solution to the elastic wave equation for heterogeneous media and implicitly calculates P and SV propagation, compressional to shear conversion, interference effects and interface phenomena. Random velocity perturbations with Gaussian and self-similar autocorrelation functions and different correlation lengths (a) are presented which show different characteristics of secondary scattering. Heterogeneities scatter primary energy into secondary body waves and secondary Stoneley waves along the water-solid interface. The presence of a water-solid interface in the model allows for the existence of secondary Stoneley waves which account for much of the seafloor ‘noise’ seen in the synthetic seismograms for the laterally heterogeneous models.‘Random’ incoherent secondary scattering generally increases as ka (wavenumber, k, and correlation length, a) approaches one. Deterministic secondary scattering from larger heterogeneities is the dominant effect in the models as ka increases above one. Secondary scattering also shows up as incoherence in the primary traces of the seisograms when compared to the laterally homogeneous case. Cross-correlation analysis of the initial P-diving wave arrival shows that, in general, the correlation between traces decreases as ka approaches one. Also, because many different wave types exist for these marine models, the correlation between traces is range dependent, even for the laterally homogeneous case.Key wordsFinite differencescatteringmarine seismicsStoneley wavesrandom heterogeneitiesincoherence