Abstract
The present study interprets the subsurface structure of the Rajian area using seismic sections and the identification of hydrocarbon-bearing zones using petrophysical analysis. The Rajian area lies within the Upper Indus Basin in the southeast (SE) of the Salt Range Potwar Foreland Basin. The marked horizons are identified using formation tops from two vertical wells. Seismic interpretation of the given 2D seismic data reveals that the study area has undergone severe distortion illustrated by thrusts and back thrusts, forming a triangular zone within the subsurface. The final trend of those structures is northwest–southeast (NW–SE), indicating that the area is part of the compressional regime. The zones interpreted by the study of hydrocarbon potential include Sakessar limestone and Khewra sandstone. Due to the unavailability of a petrophysics log within the desired investigation depths, lithology cross-plots were used for the identification of two potential hydrocarbon-bearing zones in one well at depths of 3740–3835 m (zone 1) and 4015–4100 m (zone 2). The results show that zone 2 is almost devoid of hydrocarbons, while zone 1 has an average hydrocarbon saturation of about 11%.
Highlights
The main task of seismic interpretation is to characterize underground geological structures and lithology with high precision
Its northern boundary is with the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT); its southern boundary is with the Salt Range Thrust (SRT); the Kalabagh fault and Indus River are to its west; and to its east is the Jhelum fault
The Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) limits the basin in the north and toward the east it is limited by the Jhelum left lateral strike slip fault, by the salt range thrust toward the south, and by the Kalabagh right lateral strike slip fault toward the west
Summary
The main task of seismic interpretation is to characterize underground geological structures and lithology with high precision. The water saturation information obtained from seismic data is somewhat complex if petrophysical modeling methods are not used. Various integration approaches have been introduced to combine different sources of information and model building techniques to handle heterogeneity in geologically complex reservoirs. Most of these integration approaches in several studies fail in terms of modeling strongly fractured limestone reservoir rocks [17]. The current study is a first attempt to perform a subsurface structural interpretation of the Rajian area using seismic sections. The identification of the hydrocarbon-bearing zones is performed for the first time in the current study using a petrophysical analysis. Based on the current study, the zones with hydrocarbon potential include Sakessar limestone and Khewra sandstone
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