Abstract
The assessment and retrofit of existing masonry structures with historical and cultural value in highly seismic zones is a challenging issue in earthquake engineering. In fact, the historic and recent earthquakes have showed the problem of the seismic vulnerability of existing masonry constructions. A historical masonry palace, located in Caggiano (Salerno, Italy) is used herein as case study, showing the vulnerability assessment and the seismic upgrading process. The case study building has a masonry structural type at the first two floor while there is a third floor realized in reinforced concrete and a fourth floor realized with a wood structure. The building was characterized by a remarkable seismic vulnerability and needed seismic upgrading operations. After the vulnerability assessment process, some design suggestions are proposed for the seismic upgrading of the building. The structure before and after the upgrading operations has been checked through non linear static and dynamic analyses. Then, coherently with the ”Sismabonus” approach, the attribution of the seismic risk class, performed through numerical analyses, is founded on two parameters, namely the Annual Expected Average Losses (PAM), related to economic factors, and the Life Safety Index (IS-V), related to the structure seismic safety. Finally, the overcoming of the different classes of risk is showed and compared with the amount of the retrofit operations, their costs and the impact on the existing space. Moreover, also fire assessment has been investigated. In fact, in many cases the buildings such as the case study structure are intended to public activities such as museums, so specific fire requirements, like fire resistance, are necessary. This topic became relevant especially if the structure is equipped with particular structural retrofit interventions which can be altered and modified in case of a fire. The paper presents the results of advanced thermo-mechanical analyses on the historical masonry palace under investigation. Since the case study building has a masonry structural type at the first two floor while there is a third floor realized in reinforced concrete, the fire analyses were conducted on the third and on the fourth floors, which may be more vulnerable to fire.
Highlights
The presented project involves the recovery of Palazzo Colonna and the surrounding areas, of which the Palazzo is the central fulcrum
In many cases, the buildings such as the case study structure are intended for public activities such as museums, so specific fire requirements, like fire resistance, are necessary
Since the case study building has a masonry structural type at the first two floors while there is a third floor realized in reinforced concrete and a fourth floor realized with a wood structure, the fire analyses were conducted on the third and fourth floors, which may be more vulnerable to fire
Summary
The presented project involves the recovery of Palazzo Colonna and the surrounding areas, of which the Palazzo is the central fulcrum. The criteria for the choice of the retrofit methods have been highly investigated in the literature (Moehle, 2000; Thermou and Elnashai, 2006; Formisano et al, 2008, 2016a, 2017a; Calvi, 2013; Formisano and Sahoo, 2015; Terracciano et al, 2015; Miano et al, 2017b; Chieffo et al, 2019b) These techniques are usually implemented to evaluate the improving of the structural performance and to evaluate and minimize the costs and the losses (Aslani and Miranda, 2005; Jalayer et al, 2012, 2015; Liel and Deierlein, 2013; Jalayer and Ebrahimian, 2017; Miano et al, 2018a, 2019a,b). The Pushover Analysis has been used to assess the performance of the building with respect to vertical and seismic loads and to provide an estimation of the vulnerability index (Frascadore et al, 2015; NTC, 2018). Since the case study building has a masonry structural type at the first two floors while there is a third floor realized in reinforced concrete and a fourth floor realized with a wood structure, the fire analyses were conducted on the third and fourth floors, which may be more vulnerable to fire
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