Segregation for endosperm lysine in F2, F3 and F4 progeny from a cross of in vitro-selected and unselected cultivar of rice

Abstract

Lysine is a limiting amino acid for optimal nutritional quality in rice grain. In vitro selections using inhibitory levels of lysine plus threonine or s-aminoethylcysteine allow the predictable recovery of variants with elevated levels of lysine and protein. These methods may generate useful starting germplasm for plant breeders. This study was conducted to define the genetics of lysine mutants in progeny from crosses of mutants derived from cells cultured in vitro in the presence of inhibitory levels of lysine plus threonine and s-(2-aminoethyl)-cysteine. In vitro selections produce a wide range of mutants, including endosperm mutants with elevated lysine and protein levels as well as mutants for high and low seed weights. Mutants were analyzed for lysine content by the endosperm half-seed method in which the halves without the embryo were ground and acid hydrolyzed for amino acid determinations. The halves with the embryos were preserved for later germination. In two different F2 populations derived from a cross of a selected mutant x M-101, a parental marker, there was an inverse relationship between seed weight and percent lysine in endosperm protein (R(2) 0.52 and 0.56). The F2 segregation patterns show that elevated lysine is inherited as a recessive gene and that increased lysine is correlated with decreased seed size. F3 and F4 data provide evidence for the transmission of high lysine genes to advanced germplasm in rice. This work supports our earlier conclusions that high lysine phenotypes can be recovered predictably from in vitro selections. The elevated lysine phenotypes are frequently, but not exclusively, associated with opaque seed. Some segregants from crosses produced increased lysine in plants with near normal seed weight and good fertility.