Abstract
The temperature dependence of the segregation and morphology of ferritic steel (001) surfaces has been examined by a combination of Auger electron spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and low-energy electron loss spectroscopy. Upon annealing ferritic steel at 500°C, the topmost layer was observed to be mainly composed of Fe–Cr alloy. Oxygen segregation was also detected locally in the STM images. LEED showed a (1×1) pattern and a weak (√5×√5)R27° reconstruction corresponding to Fe and Cr4O5, respectively. Upon annealing at 600°C, carbon and chromium co-segregated to the surface, forming two different regions composed of CrC and Cr-based steel, while the Cr4O5 domains disappeared. Upon annealing at 700°C, nitrogen segregated to the surface, and the topmost layer was observed to be mainly composed of CrN domains with local CrC domains.
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