Abstract
Iraq highly depends on its surface water resources. Now it is facing water shortage problems. For these reasons, the utilization of groundwater will be increasing with time. Karbala Governorate is located in the central part of Iraq. It covers an area of 5034 km2 and the population exceeds one million. It is characterized by an arid or semiarid environment. Karbala Governorate lack surface water resource and consequently, groundwater is the only available resource. The main groundwater aquifer within the area is Dibdibba formation. It is composed of poorly sorted sand and sand stone with gravel. In this research hydrological and hydrogeological information were used to find out the magnitude and the direction of groundwater seepage velocity. The results indicate that groundwater flow toward the flood plain to the east of the study region. The seepage velocity ranges from 0 to 0.18 m/d, with a general increase when moving from the west to the east.
Highlights
Groundwater is one of the most important sources of water in the world, since it represents 30% of the fresh water that consists in about 2.5% of the whole water on the earth [1] [2]
Karbala Governorate is located in the central part of Iraq
Iraq is suffering from water shortage problems due to the effect of climate change and building of dams upstream the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and their tributaries [3] [7] [8]
Summary
Groundwater is one of the most important sources of water in the world, since it represents 30% of the fresh water that consists (fresh water) in about 2.5% of the whole water on the earth [1] [2]. Iraq is suffering from water shortage problems due to the effect of climate change and building of dams upstream the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and their tributaries [3] [7] [8]. With this shortage in surface water in Iraq, it becomes very important to look for another resource of fresh water, which can fulfill the requirements of both the municipal and agricultural practices. The most promising resource of fresh water in middle of Iraq is groundwater This is due to many reasons among them are its quality and occurrence near the ground surface
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