Abstract
In Southwest China large-scale hydropower projects, the hydraulic conductivity and fracture aperture within the rock mass of a reservoir bank slope has dramatically undergone a time series of evolution during dam abutment excavation, reservoir impounding and fluctuation operation, and discharge atomization. Accordingly, seepage control measures by hydro-structures such as drainage or water insulation curtains should be guided by scientific foundation with a dynamic process covering life-cycle performance. In this paper, the up-to-date status of studying the evolution mechanism of seepage characteristics relating to fractured rock hydraulics from experimental samples to the engineering scale of the rock mass is reviewed for the first time. Then, the experimental findings and improved practice method on nonlinear seepage flow under intensive pressure drives are introduced. Finally, the scientific progress made in fractured rock seepage control theory and optimization of the design technology of high-steep slope engineering is outlined. The undertaken studies summarized herewith are expected to contribute to laying a foundation to guide the further development of effective geophysical means and integrated monitoring systems in hydropower station construction fields.
Highlights
In Southwest China, from Sichuan to Yunnan province, large-scale hydro-power stations such as Xiaowan in Lantsang River, Jinping in Ya-lung (Nyag Chu in Tibetan) River, Dagangshan in Dadu River, Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, Wudongde and Baihetan successively in Chin-shaChiang River have been constructed in the last 10 years
Thehead theory of seepage high-steep slope was design criterion was proposed based on the maximum permeability of the rock mass various extended: from stationary/transit to saturated/unsaturated analyses; from linear Darcy under to nonlinear pressures in aflow high-pressure packer permeability test.toBased onnetwork the analytical model non-linear non-Darcy analysis; from continuous medium fracture seepage flow for analyses
A seepageofcontrol optimization method on head the basis of hydrogeological conditions, precise simulation seepage design criterion was proposed based on the maximum permeability of the rock mass under various control structure, and dynamic feedback was established
Summary
In Southwest China, from Sichuan to Yunnan province, large-scale hydro-power stations such as Xiaowan in Lantsang River, Jinping in Ya-lung (Nyag Chu in Tibetan) River (shown in Figure 1), Dagangshan in Dadu River, Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, Wudongde and Baihetan successively in Chin-sha. Field testing methods represented by the cross-hole permeability test [15,16] have been made, progress to develop effective geophysical approaches such as microseismic monitoring is urgently needed This facilitates understanding of how damage or failure occurring inside the rock mass influences its corresponding seepage characteristics while a dam abutment slope is being excavated or loaded [17,18]. Encompassing three key aspects of the titled problem, i.e., seepage related properties, seepage motion regularities, and seepage control, it is the aim to systematically summarize the following latest findings in this review These profound studies concern the macro- and meso-scopic mechanism, multiple scaling effect and anisotropic feature on the process evolution of the seepage characteristics of high-steep slope fractured rocks, and the model solution and value selection of non-linear seepage flow parameters, as well as multi-purpose whole process dynamic inverse analysis of rock mass seepage fields
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