Abstract
There are three kinds of consultation that practitioners should seek prior to making an ethical decision. Ethical consultation occurs best as part of a regularly scheduled, on-going relationship aimed at the growth of the consultee. Clinical consultation is important to determine deficient clinical skills; help with complex client problems; find more effective interventions; support the practitioner threatened with job loss, malpractice suit, or revocation of licensure; and manage clinical concerns such as cultural sensitivity or developmental issues. Legal consultation is important when considering a breach in confidentiality, complying with a subpoena, or determining the legal rights of minors. Legal consultants should be knowledgeable about constitutional law; federal statutes such as FERPA, IDEA, and NCLB; state statutes, administrative regulations, and relevant case law. Finally, pupil services providers should know the guidelines for civil disobedience when ethical obligations and legal duties conflict.
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