Abstract
Research on the sight line design of the Classical Chinese Garden (CCG) is an important issue of CCGs’ sustainable development. Taking the Lion Grove as a case, GPS data loggers and questionnaires were employed to collect visitor temporal–spatial data and visiting motivations. We then calculated the “Revisiting Proportion” and “Average Speed” values. Furthermore, we selected the “Visual Control” values analyzed by Depthmap as an indicator of visibility. The statistical analysis of the relationship among “Revisiting Proportion”, “Average Speed”, and “Visual Control” values of each space showed that the spatial visual characteristic affected the visitor temporal–spatial distribution. Scenery spots in and around the large water pool, within one-step visual depth of each other, occupying the visual advantage of both “seeing” and “being seen”, can facilitate the transformation of sight lines and form the visual effect of “one step, one scene”. This research also proved that the sight line design of the Lion Grove was more intentional than random.
Highlights
After the mid-Ming Dynasty, the size of private gardens in the urban area of Suzhou was shrinking [1]
The visual characteristic analysis of Classical Chinese Garden (CCG) remained at the level of qualitative description [4,5,6]
The application of space syntax in CCGs, besides exploring spatial structure and visual characteristics [14,15], can study the social and historical laws implied by the spatial structure and the relationship between visitor behavior and space characteristics [16,17]; relevant research on the latter is little at present
Summary
After the mid-Ming Dynasty (around the 16th century), the size of private gardens in the urban area of Suzhou was shrinking [1]. Researchers used GPS trajectories, real-time observations, or questionnaires to collect visitor temporal–spatial behavior data [18,19,20,21] and analyzed visiting preferences [22], route selections [23,24], and the trajectory visualization model [25]. The significant correlations between visitor temporal–spatial behavior data and the visual characteristic values of Visible Layer in Depthmap indicate that the visibility of garden elements is more effective in guiding visitors compared to the layout of the tour route [33,34]. Based on the visitor temporal–spatial behavior data of the Lion Grove (狮子林), and combining these with visual analysis of the space syntax, we explored how the spatial layout and the sight line design of CCGs influence visitor temporal–spatial distribution.
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