Seed Viability, Seedling Growth and Yield in White Guinea Yam

Prince E Norman,Agyemang Danquah,Robert Asiedu,Eric Y Danquah,Asrat Asfaw,Pangirayi B Tongoona

doi:10.3390/agronomy11010002

Abstract

The yam is an economic tuber crop utilized for food, feed, and various industrial applications. Botanical seed viability, seedling growth, and development are among factors that influence plant population dynamics, development, structure, and sustainability. However, little is known about seed viability, growth, and yield potential of seed-progenies developed using different mating designs. This study assessed seed germination, seedling growth, and yield traits in seed-progenies developed using North Carolina I (NC-1) and polycross mating designs. For this, seed germination and seedling nursery trials established using seed-progenies from different yam crosses were used. Results revealed that days to first seed germination (DAYFG), days to 50% germination (DAYSG), coefficient of velocity of germination, seed emergence speed (SES), germination index, final germination percent, and seedling vigor index significantly (p < 0.05) varied within and among NC-1 and PC-derived families. The mean days to first seed germination (DFSG) and DAYSG seed-progenies of NC-1 were significantly lower than the polycross progenies. Moreover, the seedling-progenies from the polycross produced a higher number of stems and more elongate tubers than those originated from the NC-1 mating. Progenies of family TDr1687 from a polycross mating were among the families that had the highest stem number (2.2), longest tuber (7.5 cm), and widest tuber (2.8 cm). The inter-family means of both NC-1 and polycross had a non-significant variation for mean tuber weight per plant. Our results suggest the relevance of seed germination and seedling attributes for selection of superior progenies at the early generation stage trials in yam breeding.

Highlights

The white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) is a valued African food crop grown for its starchy tubers
There is a lack of information on seed viability, growth and yield of first filial generation white yam developed from mating designs
Botanical seed viability is the degree of germination ability of botanical seeds

Summary

Introduction

The white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) is a valued African food crop grown for its starchy tubers. Fresh and processed white Guinea yam products possess tremendous potential as a source of income and food for over 300 million people in Africa [2]. There is a lack of information on seed viability, growth and yield of first filial generation white yam developed from mating designs. Yam breeding utilizes various mating designs for botanical seed production. The botanical seed production, dispersal, viability, seedling growth and developmental phases are key factors that influence the plant population dynamics, development, structure and sustainability [3,4]. Botanical seed germination is critical in determining plant population size and distribution in communities [5]

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