Abstract
Viral seed transmission causes the spread of many plant viral diseases. Pyrus betulifolia and P. calleryana are important rootstock germplasms for pear production in China. This study revealed the widespread infection of apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), and apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) in maternal trees of P. betulifolia and P. calleryana by nested multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (nmRT-PCR) assays. Seeds from eight P. betulifolia and two P. calleryana trees had positive rates of 15.9–73.9%, 0–21.2%, and 40.4% for ASGV, ASPV, and ACLSV, respectively. At the cotyledon and 6–8 true leaf stages, seedlings grown from seeds of infected trees gave positive rates of 5.4% and 9.3% for ASGV, 6.7% and 15.6% for ACLSV, and 0% and 2.7% for ASPV, respectively. Incidence in nursery P. betulifolia seedlings of 10.1%, 5.3%, and 3.5% were determined for ASGV, ACLSV, and ASPV, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of coat protein (CP) and movement protein coding genes of both ASGV and ASPV, and CP gene of ACLSV from maternal trees, seeds, and seedlings were analyzed. Sequence identities and phylogenetic comparison with corresponding sequences from GenBank demonstrated that molecular variation occurred within ASGV, ACLSV, and ASPV isolates, with most sequences determined here had close relationships with reported isolates infecting pear or formed independent clades. This is the first report on the seed transmission and the molecular characteristics of these viruses infecting two rootstock species. These findings provided important evidence in management effort for pear viral diseases.
Highlights
IntroductionViruses are important pathogens of threat to crop production
This study revealed the natural infection of three viruses apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) and apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) in
P. betulaefolia was in P. betulifolia and P. calleryana trees
Summary
Viruses are important pathogens of threat to crop production. Pear (Pyrus spp.) and apple (Malus spp.) are the most widely grown pome fruit crops. Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus and Apple stem pitting virus are the type species of the genera Capillovirus, Trichovirus, and Foveavirus in the family Betaflexiviridae in the order. Each of these viruses possess a single-stranded positive-sense genomic RNA with a poly (A) tail at 3’-terminus. Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), and apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) commonly occur in commercially cultivated pear and apple trees worldwide [2]. ASGV infects other important woody fruit crops, including species in genera Prunus, Actinidia, Citrus, and some ornamental plants. ACLSV infects Prunus spp. and causes pseudo-pox disease of peach [3]. There are reports of ASPV infecting cherry and sour cherry in
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