Abstract
This research was performed to explore the vital role of seed priming with a 0.01 µM concentration of brassinosteroids (EBL) to alleviate the adverse effects of Cr (100 µM) in two different rice cultivars. Seed priming with EBL significantly enhanced the germination attributes (germination percentage, germination energy, germination index, and vigor index, etc.), photosynthetic rate as well as plant growth (shoot and root length including the fresh and dry weight) under Cr toxicity as compared to the plants primed with water. Cr toxicity induced antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX) and ROS level (MDA and H2O2 contents) in both rice cultivars; however, a larger increment was observed in YLY-689 (tolerant) than CY-927 (sensitive) cultivar. EBL application stimulatingly increased antioxidant enzyme activities to scavenge ROS production under Cr stress. The gene expression of SOD and POD in EBL-primed rice plants followed a similar increasing trend as observed in the case of enzymatic activities of SOD and POD compared to water-primed rice plants. Simultaneously, Cr uptake was observed to be significantly higher in the water-primed control compared to plants primed with EBL. Moreover, Cr uptake was significant in YLY-689 compared to CY-927. In ultra-structure studies, it was observed that EBL priming relieved the rice plants from sub-cellular damage. Conclusively, our research indicated that seed priming with EBL could be adopted as a promising strategy to enhance rice growth by copping the venomous effect of Cr.
Highlights
Results represented that Cr toxicity caused a clear reduction in chlorophyll a (Chla), chlorophyll b (Chlb), and total chlorophyll contents compared to the control (Figure 2)
Seed priming with EBL exhibited a significant increase in Chla, Chlb, and total chlorophyll at 100 μM Cr stress compared to seeds primed with water (Figure 2)
Seed priming with EBL exhibited a signifiof 20 cant increase in Chla, Chlb, and total chlorophyll at 100 μM Cr stress compared to8 seeds primed with water (Figure 2)
Summary
Soil contamination is turning into an alarming situation because of its negative influences on crop productivity. Abiotic stresses can cause >50% reduction in crop yield worldwide [1]. Heavy metal toxicity is more dangerous towards crop production in this era. Chromium (Cr) is the 7th utmost copious heavy metal in the Earth’s crust and it spreads in soil by different industries such as paints, leather, and fertilizer [2]. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, Cr contamination is a major cause of human carcinoma [2]. Heavy metals, including Cr, become part of the soil in various ways, cause
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