Seed germination traits of two plant functional groups in the saline deltaic ecosystems

Abstract

Aims Salt stress resulting from soil salinization is one of the driving forces of the land degradation throughout the world. The modern Yellow River delta is one of the most saline areas in China. Phytoremediation can be an effective way to restore the salinized ecosystems, which requires selecting appropriate plant species. This study explored the germination responses of common plant species from contrasting habitats in the Yellow River delta to varying salinity, offering experimental information for ecosystem restoration in the Yellow River delta. Methods In this study, 15 common plant species from the Yellow River delta were divided into two groups (high-salinity and low-salinity groups) by their natural habitats using Canonical Correlation Analysis. Seeds of each species were treated with five salinity levels (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 ppt), using a randomized complete block design, and germinated seeds were counted and removed daily for 28 days to calculate the final germination proportion and mean time to germination. The germination responses of seeds to salinity treatments were compared between the two groups. Important Findings In relation to salinity, seed germination behavior of the test species was closely related to the salinity level of the habitats over which they were distributed. Species from the habitats with higher salinity had generally higher final germination proportion but shorter mean time to germination than those from the habitats with lower salinity in all of five salinity treatments used. The final germination proportion and mean time to germination of low-salinity group species were more sensitive to salinity than those of high-salinity group species. Selecting the species with high final germination proportion and short mean time to germination is important for restoration of salinized land.