Seed extracts from Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg) and Moringa oleifera (Drumstick tree) inhibits enzymes relevant to erectile dysfunction and metal-induced oxidative damage in rats' penile tissues

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of nutmeg and drumstick seed extracts on enzymes (phosphodiesterase-5′ [PDE-5′], arginase, acetylcholinesterase [AChE], and angiotensin-I converting enzyme activity [ACE]) linked to erectile dysfunction (ED) and metal-induced oxidative damage in penile homogenate in vitro. The chemical constituents of the extracts were quantified via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Nutmeg had higher levels of ellagic acid (35.42 mg/g), rutin (91.07 mg/g), quercitrin (35.83 mg/g), quercetin (41.16 mg/g), and kaempferol (36.81 mg/g) compared to drumstick. The in vitro biochemical analysis revealed that nutmeg exhibited stronger inhibitory effects on PDE-5′, arginase, AChE, and ACE activities, as well as Fe2+-induced oxidative damage in penile homogenate compared to drumstick seed, and could be linked to their phenolic constituents. These findings demonstrate that the studied seeds could be explored as an alternative remedy for the management of ED. However, the seed of nutmeg was more effective than drum stick. Practical applications Nutmeg and Drumstick seeds are commonly consumed medicinal seeds and are a potential source of polyphenols with strong antioxidant activity. They are used as functional foods and could serve as an alternative therapy for the management of erectile dysfunction (ED). This study provides useful information for the first time on phenolic composition and therapeutic potentials of nutmeg and drumstick seeds for the management and treatment of ED.