Abstract
Seed contamination significantly affects production capacity and animal welfare in Australian sheep flocks and causes considerable financial loss to producers and processors across sheepmeat value chains. Seven grass-weed species contribute to seed contamination in Australia, with barley grass (Hordeum spp.) identified as a key perpetrator. Herbicide resistance and variable dormancy emerging in southern Australian barley grass populations are thought to enhance its capacity for successful pasture invasion, further exacerbating the potential for seed contamination in sheep. The present article reviews the current literature regarding the impact and incidence of seed contamination on sheepmeat production, with particular reference to key grass-weed species prevalence across Australia. Data are presented on a recent incidence of carcass contamination across years, where incidence varied between 11% and 80% from 2009 to 2013, contracting to between 2% and 60% during 2014 and 2015. Key areas requiring future research are defined. Understanding the biology of key grass weeds, historical influences and economic consequences associated with seed contamination in sheep may assist in defining future risks to sheep production and improve weed management. Furthermore, examining more recent data describing the current status of seed contamination across Australia and the associations with causal weed species may aid the development of critical weed-management strategies in highly infested regions, subsequently limiting the extent of future seed contamination.
Highlights
Recent studies indicate distribution and frequency of carcass damage across Australia are associated with the distribution of barley and brome grass populations, and varies with state, region, year, animal and climate factors
Data is presented on recent incidence of carcass contamination across years, where 34 incidence varied between 11 and 80% from 2009 to 2013, contracting to between 2 and 60% during 2014 and 35 2015
Seed contamination in sheep refers to the penetration of body tissues by the seeds of certain grass weeds during grazing, which is an increasing problem within the Australian sheep industry
Summary
Seed contamination in sheep refers to the penetration of body tissues by the seeds of certain grass weeds during grazing, which is an increasing problem within the Australian sheep industry. Recent studies indicate distribution and frequency of carcass damage across Australia are associated with the distribution of barley and brome grass populations, and varies with state, region, year, animal and climate factors. Seven grass weed species contribute to seed carcass contamination in Australia, with barley grass (Hordeum spp.) identified as a key perpetrator.
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