Seed and oil yields of Moringa oleifera variety Periyakalum-1 introduced for oil production in four ecosystems of South America

Abstract

Moringa oleifera Lam. is a member of Moringaceae family which grows throughout most of the tropics, and is native to sub-Himalayan tracts of north west India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. Moringa seed concentrates 35–45% oil which is considered a great natural cosmetic emollient almost total natural absence of color and odor, and high oleic acid concentration (>73%). To assess their production potential in the Arid Chaco, The Yungas Tropical Forest, Tropical Lowland Forest, and in the Sub-Humid Chaco Ecosystems of South America, a comparative trial was undertaken to determine their seed yield and oil content. Arid Chaco Ecosystem: significant (P<0.05) difference in seed yields among years were found, with 176.17 and 481.25kg/tree recorded for 1- and 2-year-old trees, respectively. Sub-Humid Chaco Ecosystems: the difference in seed yield and oil percentage between years was significant (P<0.05). Comparison between years showed significantly (P<0.05) higher seed yields, and significantly (P<0.05) lower oil percentage for the two years old trees, than for the one year old trees. The oil/tree content was significantly (P<0.05) higher for two years old trees than for one-year-old trees. Yungas Tropical Forest Ecosystem: seed oil percentage was significant (P<0.05) higher in one-year-old trees than in seeds of two years old trees. Overall: over the tree years, oil percentage was significantly (P<0.05) higher for seeds produced at the Arid Chaco than at the Sub-Humid Chaco. The seed/tree yields and the oil/tree content were no significantly (P<0.05) different among the three ecosystems. However, when oil percentage per tree and seed yield/tree were combined trees from Sub-Humid Chaco and from Yungas Tropical Forest yielded significantly (P<0.05) higher oil content compared to that from Arid Chaco trees.