Sedimentation and crustal recycling along an active oblique-rift margin: Salton Trough and northern Gulf of California

Abstract

Transtensional basins embedded in the San Andreas fault system of Southern California (United States) and northwestern Mexico are fi lled with sediment derived from the Colorado River, which drains a large area of the western U.S. interior. The sediment is rapidly buried, heated, and mingled with intrusions in the deep basins to form a new generation of recycled crust along the active plate boundary. Using a range of values for total basin depth, relative volume of mantle-derived intrusions, and composition of early rift deposits, the volume of Colorado River‐derived sediment in the basins is bracketed between 2.2 and 3.4 ◊ 10 5 km 3 , similar to the volume of rock that likely was eroded from the Colorado River catchment over the past 5‐6 m.y. The volumetric rate of crustal growth by sedimentation is ~80‐130 km 3 /m.y./km, comparable to growth rates in subductionrelated island arcs and slow seafl oor spreading centers. Sedimentary and basinal processes thus play a major role in crustal evolution and recycling in this setting, and may be important at other rifted margins where a large river system is captured following tectonic collapse of a prerift orogenic highland.