Abstract
A small glacier of cirque-valley type existed during the Late Pleistocene Wurm Glacial in the Tudorevo and Mirovo karst valleys of Northern Velebit. Its source was in Tudorevo, and it moved through Dundovic Mirovo and Bilensko Mirovo to Baricevic Dolac, shaping U-valleys around 4 km in length. After melting, glacial deposits remained, composed of chaotic and unsorted till, composed of carbonate sand, debris and sub-rounded clasts, cobbles and blocks of predominantly Middle Jurassic and subordinately Lower Jurassic carbonate rocks. In Dundovic Mirovo and Bilensko Mirovo, where the largest masses of glacial deposits occur, terminal and recessional moraines can be found over the ground moraine, as well as some other features, mostly drumlins (drumlin field), eskers, erratic blocks, kettle holes and striations. Some erratics have been transported for more than 4 km from their primary outcrops, e.g. clasts of Lower Jurassic Toarcian Spotty limestone. A terminal moraine was deposited between Bilensko Mirovo and Baricevic Dolac, perpendicular to the glaciated U-valley and it forms the Bilo hill, the northern and southern foothills of which are composed partly of glaciofluvial deposits. Between Tudorevo and Mirovo, a recessional moraine occurs above the ground moraine. The glacier was subject to polyphase melting and freezing, and the youngest freezing events may be related to cirques in Tudorevo. During melting events, glacier lakes are supposed to have existed, initially in the Baricevic Dolac, later in Mirovo area and finally in Tudorevo. These discharged into the karst underground by percolation through till and by erosion to the karstified underlying Middle Jurassic carbonates.
Highlights
Discussions on glaciation in Velebit Mt. were led by mostly geomorphologists, glacial deposits have been described for the first time at Velebit Mt. by a geologist
In Dundović Mirovo and Bilensko Mirovo, where the largest masses of glacial deposits occur, terminal and recessional moraines can be found over the ground moraine, as well as some other features, mostly drumlins, eskers, erratic blocks, kettle holes and striations
Till of the Tudorevo, Mirovo and Bilo is composed of clasts, boulders and blocks of Lower Jurassic Lithiotis limestones of Pliensbachian age, and Spotty limestones and dolomites of Toarcian age, as well as Middle Jurassic, mostly Aalenian and Bajocian limestones, which are accompanied by Batho-Figure 16: Erratic blocks in esker (E–1 in Fig. 3; Figs. 10 and 23) of Dundović Mirovo composed of Aalenian–Bajocian limestones; hammer length 33 cm
Summary
Discussions on glaciation in Velebit Mt. were led (almost throughout the entire 20th century) by mostly geomorphologists, glacial deposits have been described for the first time at Velebit Mt. by a geologist. (NIKLER, 1973), indicating significant spreading of Pleistocene glaciation at Velebit Mt. The Ribnik–Rujno glacier existed in the area between 1300 and 1400 m a.s.l., and descended all the way to 920 m a.s.l. (NIKLER, 1973), indicating significant spreading of Pleistocene glaciation at Velebit Mt This was confirmed by later investigations, e.g. BOGNAR et al (1991) have, in their description of morphological indicators of glaciations in the northern Velebit area, including exaggerated? Morphological elements and accumulated deposits, covered the study area of Tudorevo and Mirovo, where they described glacial deposits of the Late Pleistocene Alan glacier. During investigations for the geological guide-book of the Northern Velebit National Park (VELIĆ & VELIĆ, 2009), many features that have not previously been reported in Croatian geological literature have been found in tills of the Tudorevo and Mirovo. Mirovo is composed of two smaller valleys, Dundović Mirovo in the NE and Bilensko Mirovo in the SW (Fig. 1)
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