Abstract
Isolation of ureolytic bacteria and geochemical analysis of beachrock from Krakal-Sadranan Beach (Yogyakarta, Indonesia) were conducted to determine natural sedimentary characteristics of the beachrock. The beachrock was also examined to determine the depositional conditions and distribution of rare earth elements. An increased concentration of total rare earth elements, both heavy rare earth elements (terbium, dysprosium, yttrium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium) and light rare earth elements (lanthanum, cesium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, and gadolinium) signals that the beachrock deposition process happened under oxidative environmental conditions. This study proposes the novel use of ureolytic bacteria in a depositional environment for carbonate control of a sedimentary process for the development of artificial rock to mitigate coastal erosion. The resulting bacterial strains are highly homologous to the 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence of the species Oceanobacillus profundus, Vibrio maritimus, and Pseudoalteromonas tetradonis.
Highlights
The precipitation of solid matter from dissolved substances in seawater occurs either abiotically or biotically
The results indicate that the strain of P. tetradonis shows the highest performance for the control tube is without bacteria [45, 46]
Beachrock is generally cemented in the tidal zone with a large amount of aragonite, highmagnesium calcite (HMC), and low-magnesium calcite (LMC)
Summary
The precipitation of solid matter from dissolved substances in seawater occurs either abiotically (governed by inorganic thermodynamics and reaction kinetics) or biotically Sci. 2020, 10, 520 of living organisms). This process is primarily controlled by the biochemistry of organisms including algae, foraminifera, cyanobacteria, and corals but is influenced by the marine conditions where they live. Beachrock (Figure S1) is a carbonate sedimentary product with an anchoring effect for dynamic islands and provides protection from erosion [1,2,3]. The sedimentary characteristics of beachrock have been investigated; many things about its origin and properties remain unknown or are subject to debate. Outcrops of beachrock are valuable records of the past climate of the low-lying reef islands generally found in tropical and subtropical areas with generally warm seawater [4,5,6]
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