Abstract
BackgroundPhysical inactivity and sedentary behaviour (too much sitting) can contribute to renal dysfunction. However, the potential benefits of behavioural change (e.g. replacing sedentary behaviour with physical activity) on renal function are not well understood. We used isotemporal substitution to model potential impacts of behaviours on renal function by replacing time spent in one behaviour to another.MethodsIn 174 older Japanese adults (age, 50–83 years; females, 76%), the time spent in sedentary behaviour, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) were assessed using an uniaxial accelerometer. Renal function was evaluated by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from serum creatinine and cystatin C levels.ResultsIn univariate analyses, eGFR was significantly, albeit weakly, correlated with time spent in sedentary behaviour (rs = − 0.229), LPA (rs = 0.265), and MVPA (rs = 0.353). In the isotemporal substitution models, replacement of 30 min/day of sedentary behaviour with an equivalent LPA time was not significantly associated with eGFR (β = 2.26, p = 0.112); however, replacement with an equivalent time of MVPA was beneficially associated with eGFR (β = 5.49, p < 0.05).ConclusionsThese cross-sectional findings suggest that sedentary behaviour (detrimentally) and physical activity (beneficially) may affect renal function and that replacing sedentary behaviour with MVPA may benefit renal health in older adults.
Highlights
Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour can contribute to renal dysfunction
New evidence suggests that sedentary behaviour, defined as any waking behaviour characterised by an energy expenditure ≤1.5 metabolic equivalents, such as television viewing time [6], may be another risk factor for renal dysfunction [7, 8]
Isotemporal substitution modelling showed that replacement of 30 min/day of sedentary behaviour with an equivalent moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) time was significantly associated with improved estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). These findings suggest that both sedentary behaviour and physical activity may be contributing factors affecting renal function and replacing sedentary behaviour with physical activity (MVPA) may benefit renal health in older adults
Summary
Participants The data in this cross-sectional study were collected from the baseline measurements of our previous interventional study [14] and from community-based physical examination conducted between June 2014 and August 2015 at the University of Tsukuba. The participants were instructed to record their sleep duration and sleep quality during the past month After these procedures, accelerometers (Lifecorder, Suzuken Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Japan) were distributed to assess the participants’ daily physical activity and time spent in sedentary behaviour. Adjusted mean eGFR values were determined for each category, adjusting for all potential covariates including total waking time, age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, albuminuria, medication use (antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycaemic agents), and current smoking status. The partition model simultaneously evaluated the associations between all behavioural variables and eGFR without considering the total waking time, while adjusting for covariates (Model 4) This model is represented as follows: eGFR = (β0) sedentary behaviour + (β1) LPA + (β2) MVPA + (β4) covariates. The coefficients β1 and β2 represent the effects of a 30 min/day substitution of sedentary behaviour with LPA or MVPA while keeping the other behavioural variables and the total waking time constant
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