Abstract
Background:Sedentarybehaviour(SB),which is characterised by low levels of energy expenditure,has been linked toincreased cardio-metabolic risks, obesityandmortality, as well as cancer risk.Nofirm guidelinesareestablished on safe levels ofSB. Adults with an intellectual disability(ID)have poorer health than their counterparts in the general population with higher rates of multi-morbidity, inactivity, and obesity. The reasons for this health disparity are unclearhowever it is known thatSBand overall inactivity contribute to poorer health.There is no clear picture of the levels of SB among individuals with ID therefore SBlevels in this vulnerable population need to beexamined.The aim of thissystematic reviewistoinvestigate the prevalence of sedentary behaviour in adults with anID. Methods:The PRISMA-P framework was applied to identify high quality articles. An extensive search was carried out in four databasesand grey literaturesources.In total,1,972 articleswere retrieved of which48 articles went forward for full review after duplicate removal and screening by title and abstract.The National Institute of Health's quality assessment tools were used to assess article quality. Tworeviewers independently assessed each article. An excel spreadsheetwas created to guide thedata extractionprocess.Thefinalreview included25 articles.A meta-analysis was completed using REVMAN. Results:DifferentSBassessment types were identifiedinstudies. Theseincludedsteps, time, questionnaires, and screen time. Studies were heterogeneous.Observeddaily stepsper individualranged from44toabove30,000, with an average of approximately 6,500 steps. Mean daily time spent inSBswas more than 60%of available time,with observed screen time of more than 3 hours. Conclusion:There is a high prevalence ofSBin adultswith an intellectual disability. [Registration no: Index CRD42020177225].
Highlights
Intellectual disability (ID) begins before adulthood and is defined as having an impaired intelligence which results in impaired social functioning, with a lasting effect on development (WHO, 2020a)
Steps per day Steps as a measure of physical activity or Sedentary behaviour (SB) were used in 11 studies, which involved 985 participants
High levels of sedentary behaviour are observed in the literature in adults with an intellectual disability, inconsistencies exist around measurement techniques and tools used to gather data all papers reviewed confirm these findings
Summary
Intellectual disability (ID) begins before adulthood and is defined as having an impaired intelligence which results in impaired social functioning, with a lasting effect on development (WHO, 2020a). Considering that individuals with ID have higher levels of ill health, die nearly 20 years earlier than their peers in the general population and are noted as being more inactive, their risk of ageing in poorer health is increased (Krahn et al, 2006; Krahn & Fox, 2014; McCarron et al, 2015). This can be attributed to disparity in health and avoidable causes of poor health such as type 2 diabetes, which are amenable to change through the introduction of improved lifestyle with the introduction of physical activity (O’Leary et al, 2018). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of SB in adults with an intellectual disability
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