Abstract

Intellectual property includes both copyright and industrial property. The national legislation is harmonized with the international conventions and European directives. Intellectual property (IP) rights can be used to provide security if they are transferable. The main security rights over IP are pledges and fiduciary agreements. Evaluating IP rights presents difficulties, mainly because the value of IP rights does not generally appear in financial records. In case of bankruptcy and/or insolvency, the priorities of security rights are generally directed by the principle of time priority. The costs involved are legal and registration costs. The harmonization of security rights over IP rights is desirable.

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