Abstract
The complex and interdependent nature of smart cities raises significant political, technical, and socioeconomic challenges for designers, integrators and organisations involved in administrating these new entities. An increasing number of studies focus on the security, privacy and risks within smart cities, highlighting the threats relating to information security and challenges for smart city infrastructure in the management and processing of personal data. This study analyses many of these challenges, offers a valuable synthesis of the relevant key literature, and develops a smart city interaction framework. The study is organised around a number of key themes within smart cities research: privacy and security of mobile devices and services; smart city infrastructure, power systems, healthcare, frameworks, algorithms and protocols to improve security and privacy, operational threats for smart cities, use and adoption of smart services by citizens, use of blockchain and use of social media. This comprehensive review provides a useful perspective on many of the key issues and offers key direction for future studies. The findings of this study can provide an informative research framework and reference point for academics and practitioners.
Highlights
The term ‘smart cities’ generally refers to the use of technology-based solutions to enhance the quality of life for citizens, improve interaction with government and promote sustainable development (Chourabi et al 2012; Yahia et al 2019; Yu and Xu 2018)
This research aims to bridge this gap in the literature by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the many issues and key complexities relating to privacy, security, and risk issues within smart cities
The current study aims to address the following questions: & What is the current state of knowledge relating to security, privacy, and risk within smart cities? & What are the smart cities’ challenges in areas relating to privacy, security, and risk from a number of stakeholder perspectives?
Summary
The term ‘smart cities’ generally refers to the use of technology-based solutions to enhance the quality of life for citizens, improve interaction with government and promote sustainable development (Chourabi et al 2012; Yahia et al 2019; Yu and Xu 2018). A city can be described as smart where social, environmental and economic development factors are balanced and linked via devolved processes to more efficiently manage key assets, resources and urban flows for real-time processes (Komninos 2013; Yeh 2017). A number of cities throughout the world have embraced the smart philosophy and have either developed their infrastructure toward this new status or are actively pursuing strategies to adapt their existing assets and networks. These include London, New York, Paris, Amsterdam, Reykjavik, Tokyo, Busan, Dubai, Stockholm and Santander (Forbes 2019; Peris-Ortiz et al 2016; Simonofski et al 2019). The top down, government led approach within China has led to a large number of smart city projects that are viewed as policy based decisions to potentially reshape economic structures, transform economic development, re-educate and enhance the competitiveness of workers and improve government capacity and efficiency in
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