Security and performance evaluation of master node protocol based reputation blockchain in the bitcoin network

Abstract

Bitcoin is a digital currency based on a peer-to-peer network to propagate and verify transactions. Bitcoin is gaining wider adoption than any previous crypto-currency. However, the mechanism of peers randomly choosing logical neighbours without any knowledge about the underlying physical topology can cause a delay overhead in information propagation which makes the system vulnerable to double spend attacks. Aiming at alleviating the propagation delay problem, this paper introduces a proximity-aware extension to the current Bitcoin protocol, named Master Node Based Clustering (MNBC). The ultimate purpose of the proposed protocol, which is based on how clusters are formulated and how nodes can define their membership, is to improve the information propagation delay in the Bitcoin network. In the MNBC protocol, physical internet connectivity increases as well as the number of hops between nodes decreases through assigning nodes to be responsible for maintaining clusters based on physical Internet proximity. Furthermore, a reputation-based blockchain protocol is integrated with MNBC protocol in order to securely assign a master node for every cluster. We validate our proposed methods through a set of simulation experiments and the findings show how the proposed methods run and their impact in optimising the transaction propagation delay.