Abstract
Biometrics, with its uniqueness to every individual, has been adapted as a security authentication feature by many institutions. These biometric data are processed into templates that are saved on databases, and a central authority centralizes and controls these databases. This form of storing biometric data, or in our case fingerprint template, is asymmetric and prone to three main security attacks, such as fake template input, template modification or deletion, and channel interception by a malicious attacker. In this paper, we secure an encrypted fingerprint template by a symmetric peer-to-peer network and symmetric encryption. The fingerprint is encrypted by the symmetric key algorithm: Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm and then is uploaded to a symmetrically distributed storage system, the InterPlanetary File system (IPFS). The hash of the templated is stored in a decentralized blockchain. The slow transaction speed of the blockchain has limited its use in real-life applications, such as large file storage, hence, the merge with IPFS to store just the hashes of large files. The encrypted template is uploaded to the IPFS, and its returned digest is stored on the Ethereum network. The implementation of IPFS prevents storing the raw state of the fingerprint template on the Ethereum network in order to reduce cost and also prevent identity theft. This procedure is an improvement of previous systems. By adopting the method of template hashing, the proposed system is cost-effective and efficient. The experimental results depict that the proposed system secures the fingerprint template by encryption, hashing, and decentralization.
Highlights
Blockchain is amongst the emerging technologies that have a relatively strong cryptographic foundation that enables applications to leverage its features to achieve resilient security solutions [1,2,3].The fingerprint, which is a form of biometrics, is used for security authentication in most high-level security institutions
The Ethereum blockchain was implemented in our proposed work as a type of public blockchain because it is an open-source platform that allows decentralized applications (DApps) to run on it, unlike the Bitcoin [18,19]
We encrypted the processed fingerprint template E, using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm to secure the template before uploading it unto the InterPlanetary File system (IPFS), in order to implement the immutable feature of the whole system
Summary
Blockchain is amongst the emerging technologies that have a relatively strong cryptographic foundation that enables applications to leverage its features to achieve resilient security solutions [1,2,3]. Background with the Inter-Planetary file system (IPFS) and Ethereum solves the high cost of storing raw data on the blockchaintemplates [1]. The security risk, such spoofingfor byauthentication a malicious node, is still adamant [4]; Fingerprint are extracted andasneeded in numerous security this is because, whendue datatoare stored on the IPFS, send chunks toThese everytemplates node, which can stillinbe required institutions their uniqueness withthey every individual. This system is essentialthe before uploading it to IPFS.
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