Abstract
Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are promising, emerging technologies for the applications in oceanic research. UWSN contains high number of sensor nodes and autonomous underwater vehicles that are deployed to perform the data transmission in the sea. In UWSN networks, the sensors are placed in the buoyant which are highly vulnerable to selfish behavioural attack. In this paper, the major challenges in finding secure and optimal route navigation in UWSN are identified and in order to address them, Entropy based ACO algorithm (E-ACO) is proposed for secure route selection. Moreover, the Selfish Node Recovery (SNR) using the Grasshopper Optimisation Algorithm (GOA) is used to minimize the packet loss in the UWSN. The performance of the proposed E-ACO method is compared with existing routing methods such as Secure Authentication with Protected Data Aggregation (SAPDA), Secure Energy Efficient and Cooperative Routing (SEECR), Fault Resilient Routing using Moth Flame Optimization (FRR-MFO) and Improved ACO (IACO) method. The packet delivery ratio of the proposed E-ACO with 500 nodes is 0.89 which is higher than other existing methods such as SAPDA, SEECR, FRR-MFO and IACO.
Highlights
An underwater wireless sensor network is a technology that empowers and facilitates the exploration of natural resources in oceanic areas
The implementation and simulation of Entropy based Ant Colony optimization (ACO) algorithm (E-ACO) algorithm based path selection is performed by using Network simulation-2 (NS2) software which is operated on Windows 7 operation system with Intel core i3 processor and 4GB RAM
The E-ACO based routing protocol is compared with four various methods such as Secure Authentication with Protected Data Aggregation (SAPDA) [16], Secure Energy Efficient and Cooperative Routing (SEECR) [17], Fault Resilient Routing using Moth Flame Optimization (FRR-Moth Flame Optimization (MFO)) [23] and Improved ACO (IACO) [24] in terms of the same parameters mentioned in Tab. 1
Summary
An underwater wireless sensor network is a technology that empowers and facilitates the exploration of natural resources in oceanic areas. The transmission capacity of the acoustic channel is low [9]; subsequently the data rate is lower than the communication rate by transmitting the information to buoyant sensors nodes that hand-off the information to close by coastal observing and control station called remote station [10]. The buoyant nodes will be vulnerable to selfish behavioural attacks because of the high bit error rates, large and variable propagation delays, low transmission capacity of acoustic channels and the development of sensors with water flows. Considering the characteristics and applications of the acoustic networks, many algorithms have been developed to ensure the secure functioning of these underwater wireless sensor networks [14,15]. The packet delivery of the E-ACO is effectively improved by considering the environmental factors of UWSN such as temperature of the ocean, depth of the ocean, and wind speed.
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