Abstract
If a wireless sensor network (WSN) is deployed in a hostile environment, the intrinsic limitations of the nodes lead to many security issues. In this paper, we address a particular attack to the location and neighbor discovery protocols, carried out by two colluding nodes that set a wormhole to try to deceive an isolated remote WSN node into believing that it is a neighbor of a set of local nodes. To counteract such threat, we present a framework generically called detection of wormhole attacks using range-free methods (DWARF) under which we derive two specific wormhole detection schemes: the first approach, DWARFLoc, performs jointly the detection and localization procedures employing range-free techniques, while the other, DWARFTest, uses a range-free method to check the validity of the estimated position of a node once the location discovery protocol is finished. Simulations show that both strategies are effective in detecting wormhole attacks, and their performances are compared with that of a conventional likelihood ratio test (LRT).
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of a potentially large number of low-cost and resource-constrained devices which are often distributed over a wide area
We address a particular attack to the location and neighbor discovery protocols, carried out by two colluding nodes that set a wormhole to try to deceive an isolated remote WSN node into believing that it is a neighbor of a set of local nodes
We present a framework generically called detection of wormhole attacks using range-free methods (DWARF) under which we derive two specific wormhole detection schemes: the first approach, DWARFLoc, performs jointly the detection and localization procedures employing range-free techniques, while the other, DWARFTest, uses a range-free method to check the validity of the estimated position of a node once the location discovery protocol is finished
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of a potentially large number of low-cost and resource-constrained devices which are often distributed over a wide area. A protocol that deserves special attention from a security point of view is neighbor discovery (ND) This is because one of the most basic requirements in a WSN is the ability of every node to reliably determine which of the other nodes are within its radio range so that it can establish single-hop links with them. We propose a general framework called detection of wormhole attacks using range-free methods (DWARF) that has two modes of operation: the first one (DWARFLoc) performs the detection of a wormhole simultaneously with the localization procedure, while the second one (DWARFTest) is a postlocalization detector that tries to validate the node position after this latter is obtained.
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