Secure mmWave UAV-Enabled SWIPT Networks Based on Random Frequency Diverse Arrays

Abstract

In this article, we investigate physical layer security enhancement methods for millimeter-wave (mmWave) simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks, where the power-limited destination decodes the information and harvests energy from the received radio-frequency signals. Considering the effect of beamforming design and actual 3-D antenna gain, the directional modulation (DM) technique based on random frequency diverse array (RFDA) is adopted to guarantee security. The closed-form expressions of the lower bound of average secrecy rates with uniform linear array (ULA) and uniform planar array (UPA) are derived, respectively. Furthermore, based on the theoretical analysis results, we formulate the secrecy rate maximization problem subject to the energy harvesting constraint at the destination. Then, a suboptimal iterative optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the secrecy rate maximization problem by optimizing the transmit power, power splitting ratio, and UAV trajectory jointly. The simulation results show that the average secrecy rate of RFDA scheme is much larger than the conventional phase array scheme, especially when using ULA. The proposed optimization algorithm can achieve a higher average secrecy rate than other benchmark algorithms.