Abstract
We created a robust and secure forensic marking algorithm through the process of hiding information in a two-dimensional (2D) barcode and embedding it into the discrete wavelet transformation-discrete fractional random transformation (DWT-DFRNT) domain using the quantization technique. We hid information in the 2D barcode, encoded it with the block code that we developed, and then converted it through scrambling. The security of the algorithm was greatly improved by increasing the calculation complexity through hiding the embedded information. Forensic marks were embedded into the DWT-DFRNT dual domain. The 2D-DWT used for this was applied to the frequency division and the DFRNT was applied to increase the algorithm security by randomly mixing the pieces of information so that they could be embedded in unpredictable locations in a certain frequency space. The bit error generated in the extraction process was corrected by the self-error-correction function of the block code and 2D barcode. The experimental result showed that the information contained in the 2D barcode was accurately extracted from the forensic marks within the error correction range.
Highlights
The rapid growth of the digital contents industry and the development of the relevant technology, as well as the diversification of the service, have instigated the illegal duplication and circulation of digital content; violation of copyright and ownership is increasing day by day
We ensured robustness and security by embedding forensic marks into the DWT-DFRNT dual domain generated from a 2D barcode image through block coding and scrambling
The DWT domain gives robustness and is suitable for multistage embedment, while the DFRNT domain contributes to the security of the algorithm by randomly mixing the information so that it may be embedded in an unpredictable position of a certain frequency band
Summary
The rapid growth of the digital contents industry and the development of the relevant technology, as well as the diversification of the service, have instigated the illegal duplication and circulation of digital content; violation of copyright and ownership is increasing day by day. For this reason, the illegal market based on the illicit circulation of digital content greatly influences the legal market. We employed the DWT-DFRNT domain and a two-dimensional (2D) barcode to ensure robustness and security; we developed and used a block code pattern for accurate extraction by increasing the extraction performance
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