Abstract
This chapter examines two major transformations in modern Turkish history. One was the birth of the assertive secularist Turkish Republic from the ruins of the multi-religious Ottoman Empire. The second transformation, which happened during the last decade, was the transformation from assertive to passive secularism in Turkey. This transformation promises expansion of religious freedoms for not only Muslims, but also Christians and Jews. These transformations are explored through the lens of the educational policies of the state. The chapter also notes the need for further reforms in order to protect religious freedoms and identities of Sunnis, Alevis, and Christians.
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