Abstract
Current investment in distribution networks for electricity, gas, and heat is high, and the distribution networks play a prominent role in the necessary transformation of the energy system. This paper provides insights into the relationship between residential end-user decisions on heat supply and their effect on infrastructure planning. Therefore, the gas, electricity, and heat networks are analyzed together. After a review of the characteristics of the networks, the most common sector coupling technologies are compared economically and environmentally. The results show that, under the assumptions made, heat pumps are the cheapest option for residential end-users in the long run. This raises the question of whether a parallel development of three different infrastructures for the heat supply of buildings is the best path to a successful energy transition.
Highlights
The national and international commitments to curb greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (UNFCCC 2015; BMU 2016) make the reduction of fossil energy sources to a minimum by 2050 a necessity
To achieve ambitious climate protection targets, fossil energy sources have to be almost completely replaced by renewable ones by 2050
The distribution networks for electricity, gas, and heat play a prominent role in the necessary transformation based on the current annual investments of 5 billion euro in Germany, and the strong influence they have on the final energy prices for gas, electricity, and heat
Summary
Current investment in distribution networks for electricity, gas, and heat is high, and the distribution networks play a prominent role in the necessary transformation of the energy system. The results show that, under the assumptions made, heat pumps are the cheapest option for residential end-users in the long run. This raises the question of whether a parallel development of three different infrastructures for the heat supply of buildings is the best path to a successful energy transition. Diese Arbeit gibt Einblicke in den Zusammenhang zwischen Entscheidungen privater Endnutzer zur Wärmeversorgung und deren Auswirkungen auf die Infrastrukturplanung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass unter den getroffenen Annahmen Wärmepumpen langfristig die kosten-.
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