Abstract
Section on marriage and family in the Civil Code: values, innovations, applicability
Highlights
This article is the result of a step-by-step study of the National Endowment for the Humanities of China Project on the topic: Positioning of value and the systematic construction of the Section on Marriage and the Family in the Civil Code (No 18bfx185)
The value positioning of the section on marriage and family in the Civil Code is reflected in the general provisions
The editing of the Section on “Marriage and Family” in the Civil Code demonstrates the legislative concept of protecting the rights and interests of marriage and family for common citizens, guiding the development of marriage and family, and regulating marriage and family relations
Summary
Section on marriage and family in the Civil Code: values, innovations, applicability 摘要:2020年5月28日,《中华人民共和国民法典》(简称《民法典》)经十三届全国人民代 表大会三次会议审议通过。婚姻家庭编是《民法典》中的第五编,共5章79条,即一般规定、 结婚、家庭关系、离婚、收养。《民法典》婚姻家庭编的价值定位,体现在一般规定中。即“婚 姻家庭受法律保护。实行婚姻自由、一夫一妻、男女平等的婚姻制度。保护妇女、未成年人、 老年人、残疾人的合法权益。” “家庭应当树立优良家风,弘扬家庭美德,重视家庭文明建设。” 《民法典》婚姻家庭编的编纂,彰显了保障民众婚姻家庭权益、引导婚姻家庭发展方向、规范婚 姻家庭关系的立法理念。其制度创新体现在五方面:一是亲属制度的增加。《民法典》第1045 条规定:“亲属包括配偶、血亲和姻亲。配偶、父母、子女、兄弟姐妹、祖父母、外祖父母、孙 子女、外孙子女为近亲属。配偶、父母、子女和其他共同生活的近亲属为家庭成员。”二是结婚 制度的完善。即结婚禁止条件的删改---删除了“患有医学上认为不应当结婚的疾病”的原规定; 婚姻效力制度的修改---删减了婚姻无效的法定情形,增加了婚姻撤销的法定情形;结婚救济制 度的确立---婚姻无效或者被撤销的无过错当事人有权请求损害赔偿。三是家庭关系的充实。家庭 关系包括夫妻关系、父母子女关系和其他近亲属关系。夫妻关系立法完善有三:规定了夫妻的日 常家事代理权、夫妻共同债务的认定标准、婚内分割夫妻共同财产的请求权。亲子关系立法完善 有二:明确了亲子关系确认与否认制度、子女姓氏确定的原则。四是离婚制度的修改。离婚制度 传承了我国离婚立法的基本理念---保障离婚自由,反对轻率离婚;彰显了性别平等的离婚救济宗 旨---维护离婚权益,保障女性利益。其修改有三:一是离婚条件的修改。登记离婚条件的修改, 表现为离婚冷静期的界定;诉讼离婚条件的修改,表现为法定离婚情形的增补。二是离婚父母抚 养子女原则的确立。三是离婚救济制度的完善。即延展了家务贡献补偿制度的适用范围;修复了 离婚经济帮助制度;完善了离婚损害赔偿制度的适用情形。五是收养制度的增补。收养条件的补
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