Abstract
Students with disabilities fit into two groups: (a) those with individualized education plans (IEPs), who are eligible under both the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act and Section 504, and (b) those with 504 plans, who are eligible under Section 504 only. Updating the only previous data about the incidence of 504-only students, which was a non-governmental survey prior to the 2008 ADA amendments to the Americans With Disabilities Act, this study analyzed the data from the federal government’s 2009–2010 Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC). The first finding was that the average proportion of 504-only students in the nation’s public schools is approximately 1%. Second, the percentage of this group is significantly higher for (a) Black and Hispanic than for White students and (b) for males than for females. Third, the percentage of 504-only students is significantly higher for (a) high IEP than for low IEP schools, (b) non-charter than for charter schools, and (c) non-Title I than Title I schools. These results suggest the need for more diligent and consistent identification of 504-only students and for more current and comprehensive research.
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