Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of viscoelasticity. Fundamental deformation of materials is classified into three types: elastic, plastic, and viscous deformations. The theory of viscoelasticity can be applied to represent elastic and viscous deformations exhibiting time-dependent properties. Spring and dashpot elements are used to represent elastic and viscous deformation, respectively, within the framework of the linear theory of viscoelasticity. Linear viscoelastic deformation is represented by the constitutive equations combining spring and dashpot elements. There are many variations of constitutive equations giving linear viscoelastic deformation by using different numbers of spring and dashpot elements. Further, there are two functions representing static viscoelastic deformation; one is creep compliance, and another is the relaxation modulus. Creep compliance is defined by strain variations under constant unit stress. The relaxation modulus is defined by stress variations under constant unit strain. On the other hand the characteristic properties of dynamic viscoelastic deformation are represented by the dynamic response for cyclically changing stress or strain.
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