Abstract
This chapter deals with the explanation of elastic properties of bone tissue. Bone is a remarkable and extremely complex tissue. Bone differs from the other tissues because of its greater stiffness and strength. Bone is a natural composite material. It may be modeled as a linearly anisotropic elastic material for all but the rarest cases within the physiological range of loading. Large strains occur only with trauma to the bone and irreversible damage to the microstructure. There are measurable viscoelastic effects in bone, but they are generally not significant in a stress analysis of a whole bone. A method of data analysis for a set of anisotropic elastic constant measurements of a material with variable composition is applied to a database for cancellous bone. For these materials the identification of the type of elastic symmetry is complicated by the variable composition of the material. A method of data analysis, described, permits the identification of the type of elastic symmetry to be accomplished independent of the examination of the variable composition. This method of analysis is applied to any set of elastic constant measurements, but it is illustrated by application to an extraordinary database of cancellous bone elastic constants.
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