Abstract
WE have all heard stories of cigar-chomping hundred-year-olds who drink copious amounts of vodka (or other spirits) and can climb hills or swim laps faster than most fifty-year-olds. Such hardy, long-lived individuals have been a fascination of society since recorded history (1). Unfortunately, finding individuals who fit this robust description—and who possess valid birth certificates—has proven elusive. However, in the past few years, the credible study of exceptional human longevity has blossomed. In particular, more comprehensive study of long-lived individuals who are free of major clinical diseases and disability, and who might be called “exceptional survivors,” is beginning (2). Some researchers believe that by studying “healthy aging” rather than focusing on specific diseases, we might find protective genetic or environmental secrets that will benefit both length and quality of life (3–5). Discovering factors that enhance odds of healthy aging and translating these findings into evidence-based interventions is becoming a research priority.
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