Abstract
PURPOSE: The utilisation of agro-wastes as feedstocks for biorefinery development is a promising strategy to combat the looming energy challenges with minimal environmental impact. Deoiled cottonseed cake is an abundant lignocellulosic residual agro-waste with restricted usage due to presence of toxic gossypol. The utilisation of this waste biomass for production of hydrolases (cellulase and xylanase) and simultaneous degradation of toxic gossypol was attempted by fungal mediated bioprocess development. The secretome profiling was carried out to gain insights into the diversity of proteins expressed by the fungal consortium under solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions. METHODS: The three potential lignocellulolytic fungal strains, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma reesei, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and their consortium were exploited for SSF of cottonseed cake. The secretome profiling was carried out by LC-ESI MS/MS based proteomic approach. The efficiency of hydrolases produced from seed cake was verified by saccharification of wheat straw. RESULTS: The consortium produced highest titre of cellulase (FPase: 21.62 IU; CMCase: 155.41 IU; β-glucosidase: 29.73 IU) and xylanase (2008.05 IU) per gram cake with 90% reduction in gossypol content. The secretome analysis revealed versatile mixture of 81 proteins comprising of hemicellulases (36%), cellulases (17%), amylases (7%), esterases (6%), proteases (5%), hypothetical proteins (20%) and other proteins (9%). The Glycosyl hydrolase (GH) proteins constituted 73% of the total secretome. The high yield of reducing sugars (402.38 mg/g) was obtained from saccharification of wheat straw. CONCLUSIONS: The present study highlights the sustainable valorization of an agro-waste by microbiological transformation for production of value-added products in biorefinery.
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