Abstract
Bacterial fish pathogens are one of the key challenges in the aquaculture industry, one of the fast-growing industries worldwide. These pathogens rely on arsenal of virulence factors such as toxins, adhesins, effectors and enzymes to promote colonization and infection. Translocation of virulence factors across the membrane to either the extracellular environment or directly into the host cells is performed by single or multiple dedicated secretion systems. These secretion systems are often key to the infection process. They can range from simple single-protein systems to complex injection needles made from dozens of subunits. Here, we review the different types of secretion systems in Gram-negative bacterial fish pathogens and describe their putative roles in pathogenicity. We find that the available information is fragmented and often descriptive, and hope that our overview will help researchers to more systematically learn from the similarities and differences between the virulence factors and secretion systems of the fish-pathogenic species described here.
Highlights
Production of cultured fish is one of the fastest-growing sectors of the aquaculture industries
Sustainable production of farmed fish and their commercialization are primarily challenged by the expansion of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microbes
We summarize the current knowledge on one class of virulence determinants of fish pathogens, the secretion systems, and on the virulence factors that they secrete
Summary
Production of cultured fish is one of the fastest-growing sectors of the aquaculture industries. Among these are genes and proteins responsible for gliding motility, various stress responses, adhesion, and they include secretion systems, degrading enzymes such as proteases, collagenases, polysaccharide lyases, sialidase and hemolysins that are utilized for the invasion and colonization of their host (Duchaud et al, 2007; Touchon et al, 2011; Tekedar et al, 2012; Chen et al, 2017; Pérez-Pascual et al, 2017; Kumru et al, 2020).
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