Secretion of Hormones Influencing Water and Electrolyte Balance (Antidiuretic Hormone, Aldosterone, Prolactin) during Sleep in Normal Adult Men

Abstract

Renal conservation of electrolytes and water occurs normally during sleep. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone (ALDO), and prolactin (PRL) are hormones that may have interactive effects on kidney function. The availability of a radioimmunoassay for ADH as well as for ALDO and PRL permitted the study of the simultaneous secretion patterns of these three hormones during all-night sleep in eight normal young adult men, by blood sampling every 20 min from 2300 to 0700 on two consecutive night. ADH, ALDO, and PRL all appeared to be secreted episodically. The pulsatile release of ADH was random, and average plasma ADH levels were unchanged during the night. ALDO and PRL, on the other hand, had an approximately 90-min secretion rhythm, and average plasma concentrations of both hormones consistently increased during the hours of sleep. Average plasma sodium concentration was constant throughout the night. The nocturnal increase in plasma ALDO may be responsible for the normal reduction of urine sodium excretion during the night. The concomitant increase in plasma PRL might synergize with ALDO in influencing the renal retention of sodium, but PRL alone has little apparent effect on human kidney function. REM sleep-related decreases in urine flow have been noted both in humans and in monkeys, but ADH secretion was not REM related in out subjects. Autonomic activation during REM is one possible explanation for decreased urine flow during this stage of sleep.