Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is expressed in diverse tissues and plays roles in various biological functions and processes. Increased serum levels of SPARC or its gene overexpression have been reported following numerous physiological and pathological changes including injuries, exercise, regeneration, obesity, cancer, and inflammation. Such expression pattern interrelation between these biological changes and the SPARC expression/secretion points to it as a biomarker. This property could lead to a variety of potential applications ranging from mechanistic studies and animal model validation to the clinical and therapeutic evaluation of both disease prognosis and pharmacological agents.
Highlights
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is expressed in diverse tissues and plays roles in various biological functions and processes
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), called BM-40 and osteonectine, is a non-collagenous [1] and collagen-binding [2], plays a non-structural role in ECM/bone [3], and has three structural domains with active glycoproteins [4] that was initially reported in bones under another name, osteonectine [1]
The fat mass correlates with the human adipose tissue SPARC expression [35], and SPARC mRNA expression in the adipose tissue is correlated to body mass index [33], which points to SPARC as a molecular indicator of the adiposity percentage
Summary
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is expressed in diverse tissues and plays roles in various biological functions and processes. SPARC protein and gene expression or its serum level changes are involved in an increase during a variety of situations.
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