Abstract
Bivalent vaccines based on live attenuated viruses expressing a heterologous protein are an attractive strategy to address co-infections with various pathogens in the field. Considering the excellent efficacy and safety of the lapinized live attenuated vaccine C-strain (HCLV strain) of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), we proposed that C-strain has the potential as a viral vector for developing bivalent vaccines. To this end, we generated three recombinant viruses based on C-strain, one expressing the capsid (Cap) gene of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) with the nuclear localization signal (NLS) (rHCLV-2ACap), and the other two expressing the PCV2 Cap gene without the NLS yet containing the signal peptide of the prolactin gene (rHCLV-pspCap) or that of the ubiquitin-specific peptidase gene (rHCLV-uspCap). All the recombinant viruses exhibited phenotypes similar to those of the parental virus and produced high-level anti-CSFV neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in rabbits. Interestingly, rHCLV-uspCap and rHCLV-pspCap, but not rHCLV-2ACap, elicited detectable anti-Cap and -PCV2 NAbs in rabbits. Taken together, our data demonstrate that C-strain can be used as a viral vector to develop bivalent vaccines.
Highlights
Classical swine fever (CSF) is often a devastating viral disease in pigs, leading to significant economic losses to the pig industry in many countries
CSF is caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV), which belongs to the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae, including bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), border disease virus (BDV), and other members
Considering the excellent efficacy and safety of C-strain, we proposed that C-strain has the potential as a viral vector for developing bivalent vaccines
Summary
Classical swine fever (CSF) is often a devastating viral disease in pigs, leading to significant economic losses to the pig industry in many countries. The disease is characterized by fever, high mortality, immunosuppression, and reproduction failure in pigs [1]. CSF is caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV), which belongs to the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae, including bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), border disease virus (BDV), and other members. CSFV contains a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome, which possesses a 50 -untranslated region (UTR), a single large open reading frame (ORF), and a 30 -UTR. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) has emerged as one of the most devastating viral diseases of pigs. Since the first description at the beginning of the 20th century, PCV2 has been divided into five genotypes, PCV2a, PCV2b, PCV2c, PCV2d, and PCV2e, and the population sizes of the individual
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