Abstract
The article has a double theme: first, that Louis XVI's ex‐ministers and police officers exercised an important influence on Pitt and his ministers, an influence that encouraged the introduction of both a French‐style secret police within Britain, and a foreign secret service principally directed against republican governments in France; second, that a study of the resulting espionage is of crucial importance for an understanding of the history of the period. In addition this article elaborates and corrects my previous assessment of the alien office.
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