Abstract

Pilot contamination attacks in training-based massive multiple-input multiple-output systems with limited radio-frequency chains are investigated. A lower bound for the achievable secrecy rate in the presence of a multi-antenna active eavesdropper is derived in closed-form. Thereby, the secrecy rate loss due to the active attacks over the passive eavesdropping is quantified. Moreover, the secrecy rate loss due to hybrid precoding over the full-dimensional digital precoding is derived.

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