Abstract
Due to the lack of ground control points (GCPs) and parameters of satellite orbits, as well as the interior and exterior orientation parameters of cameras in historical declassified intelligence satellite photography (DISP) imagery, a second order polynomial equation-based block adjustment model is proposed for orthorectification of DISP imagery. With the proposed model, 355 DISP images from four missions and five orbits are orthorectified, with an approximate accuracy of 2.0–3.0 m. The 355 orthorectified images are assembled into a seamless, full-coverage mosaic image map of the karst area of Guangxi, China. The accuracy of the mosaicked image map is within 2.0–4.0 m when compared to 78 checkpoints measured by Real–Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS surveys. The assembled image map will be delivered to the Guangxi Geological Library and released to the public domain and the research community.
Highlights
Rocky karstification in karst areas ( called karst rocky desertification (KRD)) is considered one of the major factors that contribute to the global carbon balance as a global CO2 sink [1,2,3]
For the two reasons above, this paper presents a second order polynomial equation-based rectification model for orthorectification of declassified intelligence satellite photography (DISP) images
The tie points (TPs) whose XY-coordinates are unknown are introduced into the traditional second order polynomial equation
Summary
Rocky karstification in karst areas ( called karst rocky desertification (KRD)) is considered one of the major factors that contribute to the global carbon balance as a global CO2 sink [1,2,3]. These parameters include satellite orbit parameters (e.g., inclination, flight height, descent time, etc.) and the camera’s interior orientation parameters (IOP) (e.g., focal length, principal point coordinates, fiducial marks, etc.). This implies that traditional bundle block adjustment based on the photogrammetric collinearity equation is not applicable [4,5]. For the two reasons above, this paper presents a second order polynomial equation-based rectification model for orthorectification of DISP images. Due to the imaging model limitations of high-resolution satellites, such as IKONOS, rational polynomial-based block adjustment, called rational polynomial coefficient (RPC), was proposed by multiple authors. This paper presents an effective and simple mathematical model for geometric rectification of DISP images, considerably improving the computational effectiveness
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