Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) in optical fibers was first reported in 1981 [1]. Since optical fibers are made out of glass, which has inversion symmetry, the SH light was believed to be caused by higher order effects such as electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole interactions. The low conversion efficiency (≈ 10-5) reported in these early experiments made SHG in optical fibers a not very useful or interesting effect. This was, however, changed in October of 1985, when efficient SHG was observed in commercial single-mode telecommunication fibers (conversion efficiency ≈ 5%, input peak power ≈ 20 kW) [2]. The amount of green light generated from frequency-doubling a Nd:YAG laser in a 1-m long piece of fiber was sufficient to pump a dye laser [3]. Since then, even higher conversion efficiency has been reported [4].
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