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Abstract
Previous studies assessing secondhand smoke (SHS) and risk of mental health problems have yielded inconsistent results. We performed a meta-analysis to statistically assess the association between SHS exposure, depressive symptoms and psychological distress among adults. A systematically search of Pubmed (1946-2015) and EMBASE (1976-2015) was conducted and supplemented by bibliographies of all retrieved articles to find additional relevant citations. Odds ratios (OR) and associated 95% confidence interval (CI) of each eligible study were extracted and pooled in our meta-analysis. A total of 11 studies comprising 86,739 participants met the inclusion criteria. A random-effect model was used in meta-analysis since considerable heterogeneity was expected. Our results indicate that SHS exposure was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.35-1.90) and psychological distress (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.11-1.56). Exposure to SHS among non-smoker is associated with depressive symptoms and psychological distress, emphasizing the significance of reducing SHS exposure at a population level.
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