Secondary threshold laws for multiple ionization of atoms

Abstract

We propose a physical mechanism that leads to the emergence of secondary threshold laws in processes of multiple ionization of atoms. We argue that the removal of $n$ electrons $(n>2)$ from a many-electron atom may proceed via intermediate resonant states of the corresponding doubly charged ion. For atoms such as rare gases, the density of such resonances in the vicinity of subsequent ionization thresholds is high. As a result, the appearance energies for multiply charged ions are close to these thresholds, while the effective power indices $\ensuremath{\mu}$ in the near-threshold energy dependence of the cross section, $\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\propto}{E}^{\ensuremath{\mu}}$, are lower compared to those from the Wannier theory. This provides a possible explanation of the recent experimental results of B. Gstir et al. [Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 205, 413 (2003)].