Secondary root growth in Rhynchosia edulis Griseb. (Leguminosae): Origin of cambia and their products

Abstract

This study focuses on the development of a secondary root structure in Rhynchosia edulis Griseb. (Leguminosae). Its principal objectives are (i) to study the origin of cambia and the nature of their products; (ii) to correlate root structure to habitat; and (iii) to compare this anatomy with that of other Leguminosae species growing in the same environment. Serial transverse cuts of the main root show that the secondary root structure in this species results from several phenomena, namely (1) a cambium arising from procambial and pericycle cells; (2) a lateral meristem producing cell layers from the periphery towards the inner part of the root and from which vascular bundles, whose cambia fuse forming a continuous ring, originate; and (3) the formation of “elliptical cambia” in the mid portion of the root giving rise to vascular bundles in reverse orientation. The comparison of secondary root growth in R. edulis with other root structures in Leguminosae species growing in hilly areas shows different structural patterns. Nonetheless, these different patterns have the same objective: to enlarge storage parenchyma tissue enabling survival within an environment having limited water availability.