Secondary relaxations in heterocyclic polymer networks: A study of mechanical spectroscopy

Abstract

Experiments of differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy on linear and cross-linked heterocyclic polymer networks (HPNs) have been performed over the temperature range between 120 and 400 K. The temperature dependences of the storage modulus E′ and the internal friction Q −1 of HPNs, investigated by mechanical waves of frequencies ranging between 0.3 and 30 Hz, reveal anelastic behaviors which are mainly governed by the secondary β- and primary α-relaxations. The addition of cross-links in an apparently linear polymer network was accompanied by the shift of the glass transition to higher temperatures. Differently from the α-relaxation whose strength decreases with cross-linking, the β-relaxation strength increases. This observation implies the lack of any dynamical hierarchy between the local and cooperative segmental dynamics in these systems. The β-relaxation follows the Arrhenius law with values of the characteristic frequency ω 0 and the activation energy E act ranging between 10 15 and 10 16 s −1 and 43.7 and 48.7 kJ/mole, respectively. In both the HPNs the β-loss peaks have been quantitatively analyzed by the symmetric double-well potential (SDWP) model.